informal definition from Categorical System Theory (1.3.4.1)
A algebraic theory T consists of:
a set Tn of n-ary operations for each n∈N
a set of laws setting some composites of operations equal to others
we can use it to organize the operations we can perform in wiring diagram
informal: A wiring diagram with operations from an algebraic theory T is a wiring diagram where operations from the theory T can be drawn in little green beads on the wires.
this is in contrast to a wiring diagram without any operation (pure wiring diagram)
ultimately, we want to say “wriring diagrams with operations from T are lenses in … cartesian category”